The history of the Jewish religion
Summary
The history of the Jews is long and its origin is obtained from Abraham and the Hebrews. Some of these practices are carried out today by the Jews came in the wake of the commitments that God has with people like Abraham and Moses. The story involves the covenant between Abraham and God, the covenant between God and Moses on Mount Sinai, the conquest Canaan and judges, etc. The prophet Samuel and the kings Saul, David, Solomon and are also the history of the Jewish religion. In the history of religion are the destruction of Jewish temple and the fall of Rome. The suffering of the Jews in the Middle Ages form the largest contribution to the history of religion Jewish. Hard times in Europe and Germany that led to the immigration of Jews in particular the United States has led to the large population of Jews in the United States USA. The Crusades led to the loss of lives of the Jews in large masses and all the abuse that the Jews were blamed endured on the Jews themselves. Festivals and practices that Jews played in the first few days as the practices of the Jews to practice daily.
Introduction
The history of the Jews religion implies faith of the Jews and their culture. Judaism is essentially the beliefs and practices that the practice of Jews. It is one of the oldest religions that exist and are still being practiced to date. Judaism, mainly explains the relationship between God and the children Israel. A Jew is a person whose mother, grandmother, grandmother, etc. This line has been the religion of the Jews. Also, if a person has been converted to Judaism in a manner that is accepted by the Israeli authorities, he or she and all eligible children Jewish. The religion of the Jews has its roots in the covenant between God and Abraham. The Jews believe in the existence of a God who provides and maintains the Jews. The Jewish religion is also considered a religion waiting his supporters are still awaiting the coming of the Messiah to free the world. The Jewish religion in the face of numerous obstacles of Christianity as it has been developed and many Jews were killed in the process. The difficult conditions and severity that Jews were exposed to Europe led to the immigration of Jews to many other parts of the world, particularly in Europe in search of refuge. This paper will attempt to explain the historical and religious context of Judaism and Jewish biblical history until today.
Historical and religious context
The history of the Jewish religion has its back to the creation of humanity. Abraham and the Hebrews contribute most to the origin of the Jewish religion. Abraham lived in northern Mesopotamia, but when God ordered him to leave his homeland for a foreign land Canaan. Obedience of Abraham's God is seen here when he leaves his land to a place he does not know. The Hebrews spent some time in Egypt where they were abused and has served as slaves to the Egyptians during the reign of Pharaoh before returning to Canaan. Most of the Hebrew people were farmers and ranchers semi-nomads who were organized in small tribes. In their culture, there are messengers, the literature of Egypt hymns and wisdom literature the Canaanite language and methodology, the early history of Mesopotamia, etc. All the cultures of Jews believed in the existence of a God who is the creator and curator. There were also religious rituals and ethics that Jews practiced with the seasons.
Abraham and Patriarchs
The Bible begins with the book of Genesis and the book acknowledges the existence of an omnipotent God who creates the world in six days and rested the seventh day. The human being by the name of Adam is the only creature created on the sixth day and it is created God's image and likeness. From the Book of Genesis to the book chronicling the sin of human beings against God repeatedly until that a time will come when God decides to punish mankind with a flood. The only person who survived the flood was Noah and his family. After blood, God made a covenant with Noah that he will never destroy the world with water (John 1). Abraham is considered the founder of the Jewish community. He did not know him, but he was called by the same God and a covenant between God and Abraham made where Abraham is promised many descendants. Researchers have recently identified differences between Abraham and the religion of the patriarchs and religion Moses. Abraham is considered to refer to God in terms other than generic and specific terms the issue of idolatry in the religion of Moses is totally absent in the religion of Abraham. In the religion of Abraham and the patriarchs, he is convinced that the sacrifices and prayer is very essential for strengthening the relationship between God and the people (Charles and Jeremiah, 236). Prayers were offered in specific locations, like a stone pillar, the sacred tree, or a sacred alter. When Abraham made a covenant with God, there was a mark of circumcision, which the community has adopted and all male children in the community were to accept it. So far, all the male children undergo circumcision on the eighth day in the synagogues.
The journey from Egypt to Sinai to Moses and the Covenant
Hebrew tribes served as slaves in Egypt, where they moved when a famine hit their region in Canaan. They cried to God to deliver them from oppression that was done on them. God called Moses and gave him the mission to deliver his people from the land of oppression to the promised land. When Moses reached Egypt, the king has refused to release the Israelites, but God had heard the cries and prayers of his people and infected Egyptians with plagues which gave the king no option but to free the Israelites. When the Israelites left Egypt, the king ordered his army to follow them and when suffers from the Red Sea, God drowned all the army, so that the Hebrews could escape (Stephen, 236). It took the Israelites travel nearly forty years to get to the Promised Land. The Jews in a Moses to take criticism in the desert so they could die of hunger, but the Along the way, God provided the Israelites with free food and water. When they reached Mount Sinai, Moses left at the foot of the mountain and climbed the mountain to receive the commandments. Here, God the terms of the covenant between God and Israel was established and the creation of Israel As a nation of God. Through this journey of forty years, God has remained faithful tom the Israelites, even when they turned to worship idols and Moses blamed for the hunger they have known. Moses appears as a conqueror but he had refused the call when he was told his mission God. He emerged as a great leader in religious issues, political issues, legislative issues, and military issues. In Mount Sinai, God gave Moses the Ten Commandments that were supposed to guide the Israelites in their daily life (Louis, 346). When Moses returned of the mountain, he found the Israelites worshiped idols and as a result of the anger that was struck, he abandoned the commandments and they broke in pieces. The contents of the alliance included the belief, the Israelites were to observe the god who was rescued from slavery in Egypt, the prohibition the worship of idols, and it also contained festivals and rituals that the Israelites were observed as a celebration of God's provision for them (John 1).
Conquest of Canaan and the Judges
When the Israelites reached the promised land, some leaders have been appointed for them and these leaders were known as judges. Unfortunately, this period was dominated by the worship of idols and apostasy which the alliance God and the Israelites was totally against it. However, many changes have been built for the God of Israel, where the Israelites were to sacrifices and the worship of God. Many priests have also been appointed in particular that of the Levites and the Levites carried sacrifices in temples that were built for the God of Israel (John 1). A house was also built for the Ark of the Covenant where the ark of the covenant has been given maximum protection. Priest of the family of Eli served as staff members of this house that was built in the sanctuary of Shiloh.
Saul, David and Solomon
Even after reaching the Promised Land, the Israelites were still enemies and thus a means of defending their community against these enemies is necessary. The solution proved to be an authority which has been centralized and an army that has been organized so that they can give the right approach to deal with external enemies. The Israelites had the opportunity to dispose of in God to protect the children of Israel and another opportunity to reject the kingship of God. Prophet Samuel named the first king of Israel. When Saul defeated the Ammonites, he was appointed the first king and he found the community of Israelites small town called Gibeah, which was north of Jerusalem. During the reign of Saul, many conflicts have arisen between him and the Prophet, and Prophet Samuel who had much power over the kingdom. Saul was succeeded by King David, whose reign has helped to resolve the differences that existed between Saul and the prophet Samuel. David combined both the political and religious authority in his home and offspring and all the other kings were to rule Jerusalem (John 1). David's son Solomon succeeded his father at a very early age. David Solomon independently selected to have Other eldest son who had expected to succeed him. Solomon acted as king of Israel for forty years and during this period, the Monarchy of the Hebrews received the highest score. the kingdom of Solomon was very successful especially during the first half of his reign. Solomon was the person who was to build a temple for the God of the Israelites. In the second half of his leadership, dominated idolatry that resulted from his marriages. The Bible says that Solomon had seven hundred wives and three hundred concubines. Solomon married the daughter of Pharaoh in Egypt as leading to a relationship between the Israelites and their enemies the Egyptians.
Divided Monarchy and Exile
When the role of Solomon has ended, the division in the nation northern kingdom known as Israel and the southern kingdom known as Judah. The northern kingdom under the dominion of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser while the south was under the dominion of the Babylonian army. The Israelites split into small groups politico-religious among them the Pharisees and the Sadducees (John 1).
Destruction of the Temple
A number of reasons have led to the development of the Seleucid kingdom. Among them, the defeat of the Persians Alexander the Great, the death of Alexander the Great and the division of the empire of Alexander the generals he left. The relationship between Religious Jews and Hellenized Jews continued to deteriorate and this led to the Seleucid king and the prohibition of certain Jewish traditions and religious rites. As a result of prohibitions, Orthodox Jews protested under the leadership of the Maccabees. The result of the revolution has been the formation of the Hasmonean dynasty, which was an independent Jewish religion (John 1). A civil war has led to the disintegration of the Hasmonean dynasty. Some people do not want to be led by kings, but by some clergy theocratic and these people have sent their requests to the authority Roman. Judea was created as an independent kingdom in early Roman, but it later turned out to be a kingdom and really brutal abused subjects of Judea. Many Judeans came to light lime revolt against the leadership of the Roman rulers of Judea. Roman Emperors beat Judah and many of the temple in Jerusalem was destroyed and most of the objects that were kept in the temple, including the menorah also stolen. After the defeat, members of the community of Judea continued to live in their former land and were also allowed to exercise certain of their rites and religious practices. For a long period of time, Jews were not allowed to enter the city of Jerusalem. However, during the seventh century when the Persians were rebuilding the destroyed town, many Jews lived in the same city, regardless of the ban (John 1). The Roman rule was amended to include other issues such as preserving the tradition in a better situation, combining with the Greek society and thought, people from different regions, etc. could now be at peace with each other, regardless of their groups Tribal.
The fall of Rome
A number of laws have been adopted by the Roman Empire that killed all civil rights of individuals who have been unfaithful. The existence of these miscreants was further complicated by the laws passed and most of the disbelievers had no other option but to flee for their lives. When they were deprived of their civil rights, meant that most of their freedoms and were restricted they lived like prisoners. The Jews have suffered in the hands of the iconoclastic emperors who were suspected of heretic trends Jews. In an attempt to try and fight for their lives, the Jews found themselves in some states that have very distant been put in place such as Slavs and Tatars. Here they found refuge and protection and they can now live their lives if, in some foreign countries. Middle Roman Empire has grown increasingly strong relationship between them and their neighbors have continued to improve (John 1). In contrast, the Western Roman Empire grew increasingly weak and always feel victims of the barbarians. The Jews continued to practice their faith peacefully and they had no difficulty in their lives.
The middle youngest age
During the early days, the laws of the Church does not recognize non-believers that humans and humanity has been regarded with great discrimination. In the early ninth century, the church came with some laws clearly addressed the issue of believers and their treatment of non-believers. Previously, the believers and the Jews could not communicate in any way possible create a gap between the two religions which have proved very difficult to fill. The evil that the church experience in the conduct its financial operations have led to the integration of Jews into their circle of believers. The church could not obtain money by through loan should be returned with some interest, this loan could not be found by people of different faiths. These experiments of the Church led to the rapid acquisition of the influence of Jews. All pleasures by Jews were to be their home or in their own environment. Also, the only way they can acquire knowledge through their own compositions and their literature. However, the Jews of all the sacrifices necessary and were completely devoted to their nature and strength to the success of their literature (John 1). Jews in the Western Region has experienced harsh conditions which depends on the changing political conditions. The Jews in Italy during the war had many waved Rugi dark days. Here they experienced hard times since the Roman emperors laws have been widely observed and enforced. The laws of the emperors could not tolerate practices of the Jews in contrast to the Catholic faith, where the Jews have some influence. In places such as the Iberian Peninsula, the Jews had lived in peace and for many many years. The Jews also appreciated the peace when the same land has been occupied by the Alani, Swabians, Visigoths and the Vandals. However, the condition for peace has ended abruptly when the kings of the Visigoths took on Catholicism and wanted to convert all their citizens to a single faith. The first Jews persevered and has accepted the faith and hope that conditions would remain tough for a short time. Some of them have been baptized by force so they can be allowed to remain in the region. Later, the Visigoths insisted that even those who have been baptized by force had no choice but to remain faithful to the Christian faith.
Later, the Jews defeated Peninsula and they welcomed the Arabs to the land. For Jews who had been completely transformed and they wanted to keep the faith of the Christian religion, church provides maximum protection to them and protect them from the mandatory conversion. The pope once wanted to protect his kingdom and the temporal power and has called for help Carolingian, but there was no change in the policy of conversion. Charlemagne used the church by bringing together elements of his kingdom that had fallen apart and he also used the church in the transformation of the old Roman Empire into a Christian Empire (John 1). He also met all the German races who were there during his reign, and helped them settle. When he died, most of the restrictions in the church were not met and non-believers have been greatly abused.
Crusades
Jews endured many hardships and difficult times in different realms who practiced Christianity and these are some indications on hard times that befell them during the Crusades. During the Crusades, the Jews enjoyed a peaceful real torture in the hands of those who claimed to be believers. The believers have no place for anyone not a member of their religion. The rights of worship does not exist by then, and this has led to the great suffering of the Jews. The First Crusade of 1096 led to the destruction of all Jewish communities that flourished in the Rhine and the Danube (John 1). The Second Crusade took place in 1147 when Philip Augustus treated the Jews in France with the severity booster. The Third Crusade of 1188 has greatly affected the English Jews. Numerous trials were held in England and the end result was a prohibition for any Jew to be seen in England. After about 365 years Jews were allowed to settle in the British Isles. The Jews also suffered other attacks and were heavily oppressed by the Shepherd's Crusades of 1251 and 1320.
The persecution and slander of blood
All acts were conducted on the Jews were justified in the crimes against them. The Jews were regarded as being responsible for all the crimes that were charged to all these years they have been mistreated. The Jews have also been falsely accused of dishonoring the host believers who thought representation of the body of Christ. All the misfortunes that have occurred during this period were attached to the Jews and he believed that it was not for them, could have been a great peace between religions. The plundering raids of the Mongols have also been placed on them. The Jews were also accused of poisoned the well when the Black Death killed so many people in Europe. It was an invention intended to show how the Jews were miserable. There is only one court claimed to be a protector of the Jews and it was the Roman Emperor of the German nation (John 1). The Emperor claimed that Jews had the right to own property and be protected by law, like any other person. The emperor could now present the Jews and all their goods to cities or princes. The court may now fight for the rights of Jews and greed, envy and mistrust that existed between communities could now be reduced. Also undeserved suffering that the Jews went through could now be processed and innocent Jews can now escape prosecution. The judicial process if it is done well can lead to involvement of different community members in community work, helping people to leave as family members, and help reduce the harsh conditions that the Jews went through the hands of the believers.
Evictions
In all western countries where Christianity has been practiced, a dark Jews has been described and the Jews were considered as the source of all evils. Many Jews were sent to different places in different times. In 1290, almost all Jews who resided in England were returned, others have been sent from France in 1394. Also between 1350 and 1450, many Jews were sent to large districts Italy and Germany. Those Jews who were expelled from different places have fled in different directions in search of peace and refuge (John 1). They looked for places where they could be tolerated and their faith could be observed. Most of them preferred the Slavic kingdoms newly formed. In the Slavic kingdoms, their practices can be tolerated and various denominations were still tolerated. The leaders of these kingdoms have allowed the Jews to enjoy true refuge for a long time, the Jews enjoyed great prosperity. The study of the Talmud has been very strong here and the Jews could now practice their faith without fear. The Jews learned the German language and many of their customs and practices. However, they have not abandoned their religion, but continued to practice their faith. Until now, the practice of Jewish customs they have learned German in the environment and they speak Slavic german my heart. Also under the Muslim rule in particular in the Pyrenean peninsula, the Jews were treated well when they were allowed to practice their faith with the necessary freedom
The efforts of Jews to Christianity have been facing resistance to many difficulties and they have made some progress, they could not offer real resistance to Christianity. The strength of Christianity had advanced as efforts Jews could not have made much impact. The Arab culture has greatly decreased especially after the fall of political power and the transformation of Jews to the culture West (John 1). Most Jews living in the south of France o and those living in northern Spain had accepted the western culture and it really weakened the Arab culture. The Jews of Spain secular science has studied with great vigor and desire to learn as they did with the Bible and the Talmud.
As the Jews continued to practice their faith, the church has grown rapidly and forcefully to an extent that the Jews could no longer practice their faith with full freedom. The church leaders were determined to turn all those Jews to Christianity and they did everything what they could to win. The first stage of the church to win these people was offering religious literature and religious disturbances by them. The attempt to use the church writings and religious disturbances to weaken the Jewish faith has not been very successful and because of the determination that the church had in the weakening, another option had to be adapted. This time, the church was really hard for Jews to exercise their civil rights. Many restrictions have been made since the Jews were completely separated from Christians and they live in different regions in cities (John 1). Again, Jews were required to wear badges very embarrassing on their clothes. This has led to much ill-treatment of Jews by their fellow citizens.
The Jews have been victims of hatred and contempt their fellow citizens. Life for the Jews became increasingly difficult and in 1391, thirty thousand Jews were killed by a mob in Seville by the name of fanatical mob. In an attempt to try to run for their lives, many Jews had no other option but to run and hide in baptism. Jews who have been baptized, however, continued to practice the religion of their father in secret. A severe interrogation was conducted in which the rights and privacy of these Jews have been greatly violated. This led to the discovery that some Jews who had been baptized still continued to practice their faith and are contenders and not true Christians. Severe punishments were carried out on those who have been found as the pretenders were taken to prison, tortured by prison staff, and burned to death (John 1). This project has continued for many years and was designed to ensure that there were no more infidels in Spain. In 1492, hundreds of thousands of Jews were forced leaving Spain where they had spent their life for over 1500 years. After their departure from Spain, most of these Jews fled to the Balkan Peninsula and refuge here, they enjoy a little peace. They also had the opportunity to practice the faith of their fathers, without restrictions. Until Today, these exiles were forced to leave Spain still retains the language they learned in Spain and, surprisingly, the Jews in this country speak Spanish as native language.
The Enlightenment and the Haskalah
During the Renaissance period, many Learning and negotiations took place. Significant changes have been particularly noted in the Jewish community. The Enlightenment was associated with the Haskalah movement where Jews participated actively to ensure that restrictive laws were applied, then were deleted. These laws gave the Christian authorities control over the Jews, which has denied the Most Jews of their civil rights. Movement also demanded that the Jews were integrated into the wider European community. Jewish students who attended classes had the chance receive scientific and secular education in addition to the traditional religious education. Many Jews also got the opportunity to identify with the Jewish religion in the wake of the recovery that occurred in the study of Jewish history (John 1). conservative movements and reform movements are born with the Haskalah and they all fought together in the revival of the Jewish religion. These movements also stressed the assimilation of culture Jews in all countries that the Jews have lived. The process of revival of the Jewish religion was not very good especially when some other movements have begun Germination preached completely opposite of Haskalah movement. The resistance between these movements has led to the division attended the celebration Jewish.
As many changes have taken place within the Jewish community, the outside world also experience changes as important. The continuation of the Jews had not been completely wiped out in some European countries and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries hundreds, thousands of Jews were killed. The law of Napoleon by Napoleon offered refuge Jewish equality. The Jews who lived the Jewish ghettos in Europe have been invited by Napoleon to leave the ghetto for the newly created political regimes that were more tolerant of the Jewish faith (John 1). Many Jews migrated to the United States in Europe, are due to the existence of economic and social opportunities in the United States. Here, they formed a great community that was free from the restrictions that the Jews used to experience in Europe.
The Jews in the U.S.
The existence of Jews in the United States dates back to the seventeenth century. However, the number of Jews in the United States by the seventeenth century was very low. The first Jews to settle in the United States were shepherds in Spain and Portugal. In the nineteenth century, many Jews are arrived in the United States from Germany and here, the Jews became merchants and shop owners. Most Jews who emigrated to the United States Has it because of discrimination and the pursuit that took place in countries like Germany, Europe, etc. (John 1). The severity of the abuse of many Jews in the U.S. in respect of their religion was less and so most chose to run the United States for refuge. In the early twentieth century, many Muslims arrived in the city of New York and built several synagogues. The Holocaust in Europe led to the immigration of Jews to the United States in large numbers as the U.S. became the largest home of the Jews (Israel, 40).
Napoleon and the Jews
Napoleon made a great contribution the liberation of Jews from Western Europe (John 1). The Civil Code has helped the Jews against discrimination of other communities and severity which has been placed on them because of their religion. Napoleon decided to offer the Jews, Freemasons, Protestants and liberty, fraternity and equality (Joseph 52). Some churches that had been closed for years have been opened during his regime. The code was supposed to provide freedom of worship for all, regardless of cultural and ethnic factors. Napoleon also said that the state was to pay the salaries of priests of these communities. His mission to liberate the Jews began when he was at Ancona, and some people going around him wear yellow hats and armbands. Napoleon was surprised and immediately asked his officers why these people wore hats and armbands. The officers told him that these people were Jews and caps and armbands have been used to identify them so that in the evening, they could return the ghettos. Napoleon ordered the Jews to remove the caps and yellow armbands with immediate effect. Napoleon also ordered the closure of the ghetto and he said that Jews should be allowed to live where they want to live, and also practice their religion freely. Napoleon made rules that have addressed how companies and credit by the Jews were to be conducted. Previously, Christians were not permitted by the laws practicing usury. Indeed, a meeting of Jewish leaders has been appointed who should represent the community of Jews in the process of the Jews in its policy. All debts that were owed to Jews have been canceled.
Holocaust
The bias against the Jews because of their ethnic and cultural continued in Europe until the 1920s and 1930s. Adolf Hitler was a fanatical anti- that could not change his mind regarding the treatment of Jews. In Germany, the case was even more difficult. Back in 1933 the Nazis then organized a boycott was in protest against all the companies belonging to Jews in Germany (Max & Gustav, 23). It was a one day boycott to eliminate all Jews from active businesses. This mission was accomplished in 1939, when all enterprises remains weak in Germany were closed in Germany. In almost all cities where Jews lived, they were concentrated in a very small and were separated the remaining members of the city.
During the First World War, Nazi Germany formalized all borders and restricted movement Jews in the various fields. In addition, some ghettos were created for Jews and Jews were to be confined in ghettos and could not live in other areas in the city. These ghettos were even worse than prison, because after a short period of time, the Jews who lived in the ghetto died of hunger and disease. The continuing executions in which the Nazis and their collaborators carried out the Jews. The concentration camps have been identified even in Germany, where Jews have lost their lives and others have experienced the worst conditions that human rights can not be tolerated today (George, 2009).
The massacres of Jews who lived in Soviet territory took place during the invasion of the Soviet Union. All Communities who lived in the region have been thrown out of the region, all their possessions stolen, and fired on the edge of ditches. In 1941, Hitler took the decision to kill the Jews en masse all that existed in Europe and completely eliminate their existence. In 1942, however, several Nazis gathered to discuss the issue of Jews and come with a definitive solution to the Jewish question. The government has proposed a plan to expel all Jews who ghettos and in occupied territories have been highly concentrated. The Jews had to be taken to extermination camps also known as Vernichtungslager name. These seven included the extermination camps: Belzec, Auschwitz, Chelmno, Maly, Majdanek, Sobibor, Trostenets and TreblinkaII (George, 2009).
Suites of the Holocaust and Israel
Jews were killed in large numbers during the German Nazi regime between 1941 and 1945. Millions of refugees have been left homeless by the Holocaust and its consequences. Most refugees who were left without shelter were among the Jews who had lost most, if not all members of their families and their property (John 1). These Jews also face a persistent rejection in their country of origin because of their ethnic and cultural. The Jews were always interested in finding a place where they could live freely without discrimination and restrictions. In their efforts, most of them were to join the Zionist movement. The Zionists have argued that the Jewish refugees who lived Germany and the Nazis had been abandoned by other countries and this has led to mass murder that took place on the Jews living there. In fact, they argued that if there was a Jewish state during this period, the magnitude of the Holocaust would not have been as serious as was. Zionism has grown rapidly and a strategy of displacement after the Holocaust has been adapted which led to immigration many Jews to the land that is now known as the state of Israel.
Judaism Today
Geography
The Jews of today are spread all over the world. However, most communities Jews are now in the United States with a population of about 5.7 million people. Most of them came to the United States Spain, where they were killed for culture. So anti-Semitism and the pursuit of Jews in Europe have contributed to the Immigration United States (John 1). Most Jews came to the United States in the nineteenth century and they built synagogues for their God. Many Jews are also Western Europe and Western Europe. Guests Africa between two hundred thousand Jews and three miles. The Jews exist in many communities, but most Jews belong to communities of Israel and Palestine. Many Jews live in states where there are several other communities with the exception of Israel is a Jewish state (Marie, 47). Most parts of North Africa and the Middle East were once homes Jews, but when Israel was created, many Jews immigrated to this state. However, some countries such as Iran, Morocco and Turkey also a significant number of Jews. When Shalmaneser king of the Jews deported to Kurdistan, new traditions have been developed by the Jews and the inhabitants converted Judaism many Kurds. Here, the equality of all peoples has been observed and women now enjoy much freedom. In fact, it in this land as the first female head appeared.
The aim of the Jewish religion, practices and beliefs
The Jews still believe that the promised Messiah has not been sent. It is a religion of waiting where they await the Messiah who comes to earth to retrieve them and bring security and justice in the world (John 1). Several changes have occurred regarding the question of the Messiah and some Jews have accepted the Messiah as a symbol and not someone who will be sent for virtually free. However, a group of Jews still believe that God sends the Messiah and are still waiting his coming. The Jews use the Torah as sacred and which largely corresponds to the Christian Old Testament. The Talmud which was completed in the fifth century, contains the oral law and interpretations of the law.
The Jews celebrate many festivals and among them is the weekly Sabbath is celebrated from the afternoon of Friday to Saturday afternoon (Raymond, 25). The various Muslim communities celebrate the Sabbath in the same way, but the severity is different where some communities to allow secular activities take place while others do not. Many other festivals are celebrated once a year. Some of them include: Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement, which corresponds to Chanukah Christmas Christians. Other festivals mark the time when Jews were allowed to leave Egypt and their exodus. Others celebrated time in his life as the circumcision of male child when he is eight days old. This acts as a reminder of the covenant that God made to Abraham. Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah marks a time when boys adulthood at the age of thirteen and girls at the age of twelve years respectively. The burial of a dead Jew takes place with immediate effect of the death hello and family begins to Shiva who is one day mourning period of seven.
Religion Jews have laws and bans which cover mainly on food (John 1). These rules are considered by other communities as being complex. For example, Jews are not allowed to eat pork and shellfish which all other communities do. Consumption of these schemes is a sin according to Jewish laws and is prohibited. Regarding the slaughter of animals, all animals must be killed by a Shehitah when the method is agreed to cut the animal's throat and leaving the conscious animal to bleed to death. Some types of foods such as milk and meat should not be kept together.
Since time immemorial, Jews are supposed to pray at least three times a day are made in memory of the time that the sacrifices were made in the temple of Jerusalem (John 1). Shaharith is the name given to the morning prayer, prayer means Minha afternoon, while Maarib that is the evening prayer. The Jews believe that every day in the world has its origin in God. The Jews are required to recite blessings before they do any event. The Torah is divided into sections such that in a year, it is possible for people to cross the Torah. The rabbi led the congregation after reading each section of the Torah and every day after reading a prayer meeting follows from the prayer book.
Organization
The congregation is led by a Jewish rabbi who is closely linked to the priest in Christianity. The leader elected by the Assembly in and, except in the case of an Orthodox woman can not assume the position of a rabbi, the rabbi can be either a man or a woman. Prayers are directed by a qualified person by the name cantor during services. Many activities take place in the synagogue, which is a holy place for Jews. Religious activities religious services, and community events held in the synagogue (John 1). The Orthodox are very strict on how the activities in the synagogue are conducted and even in the synagogues, women are not supposed to sit on the same side men. The Jewish religion allows its members to perform certain rituals at home as well. Some annual festivals, rites of the Sabbath, and the daily prayers can be performed at home.
Holy Places
There were interruptions in Judaism, especially in the diaspora that has led to little development of some holy places by the Jews. Even until today, Jews who live in European countries still feel in exile. They have a mentality of migration and they continue to migrate to places where the Jews exist in large numbers. The dominance is holy to Jews and that Jerusalem is mainly formed by the temple was destroyed (John 1). The Wailing Wall, which remained after the destruction is called the most holy place in the world (Helen, 240). Another important place is holy to the Jews of Hebron in Palestine, where the remains of Abraham were buried. Place Mount Sinai in which Jews and God made a covenant is also important to their faith. The oldest synagogue in Tunisia is in Africa and is considered as a holy place.
Conclusion
The history of the Jewish religion dates his way back to the time Abraham. Abraham is considered the father before the Jewish religion and even if he did not discover God himself, he was called by the same God and sent to a foreign country which he did not know. God made a covenant with Abraham and promised him many descendants. The mark of the covenant was circumcision Jewish religious practices which to date
When the Hebrews says God to free them from slavery in Egypt, God heard their cry and sent Moses to guide them to the Promised Land. " A long journey that took forty years has been a success if there were complications illnesses and hunger. In Mount Sinai God made a covenant with Moses, whose contents included the loyalty that the Israelites needed to observe the God who saved them from slavery in Egypt, the prohibition of idolatry, and it also contained festivals and rituals that the Israelites were observed as a celebration of God's provision for them. In Canaan, the Israelites were led by judges that the region was currently dominated by the worship of idols. The congregation has many exchange, which were regarded as holy places of God, where the Israelites could make sacrifices and worship the God who freed them from slavery. The tribe of Levites produced many kings and a house was built for the maintenance of the Ark of the Covenant.
When they arrived at the Promised Land, the Israelites asked for a king to help them defeat their enemies. Prophet Samuel appointed Saul as the first king of Israel. Saul was replaced by King David, whose reign has helped resolve the differences that existed between Saul and the prophet Samuel. . David combined both the authority politics and religion at his home and offspring and all the other kings were to rule in Jerusalem. Solomon, who was a younger son of David succeeds his father at the age of eighteen. Solomon acted as king of Israel for about forty years and during this period, the monarchy of the Hebrews obtained the best score. Over half of his leadership, Solomon made great achievements, but in the second half, dominated which after his marriage. The worst was when he married the daughter of Egyptian Pharaoh King.
When the role of Solomon has ended, the division in the nation north of the kingdom known under the name of Israel and the southern kingdom known as Judah. The leadership of the Roman rulers of Judea led to the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem by the Romans when they defeated the Judeans. Most of the artifacts that were preserved in the temple, including the menorah has been stolen. A number of laws have been adopted by the Roman Empire that has taken away all the civil rights of all persons who have been unfaithful. Existence of these miscreants was also complicated by the laws passed and even the most skeptical had no other option but to flee for their lives.
The Jews suffered the worst conditions in the High Middle Ages. It was as a result of laws that church does not recognize non-believers that humans and humanity considered with caution. In Europe and Germany, many Jews lost their lives and those who remained were forced to migrate to different regions where they have been saved. During the Crusades the Jews were tortured and falsely accused and blamed for the suffering they have endured. Today, Jews are allocated different parts of the world, but the largest population is in the United States. Most of the festivals that are performed by Jews in the early days are still practiced today. A few places sacred to the Jews also exist.
References
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